The Iron Dome is Israel’s mobile air defense system designed to intercept short-range rockets and artillery shells. Operational since 2011, it has successfully neutralized hundreds of projectiles, earning a reputation for high effectiveness.
- Range and Target Types: Iron Dome can engage threats at distances from 4 to 70 km, including short-range rockets, mortars, and artillery shells.
- System Components:
- Radar: The EL/M-2084 multifunction radar detects and tracks incoming projectiles.
- Battle Management & Weapon Control (BMC): Developed by mPrest Systems, this software evaluates threats and issues interception commands.
- Launcher Units: Each battery comprises 3–4 launchers, with 20 missiles per launcher, all operating independently.
- Cost: Each battery costs approximately $50 million, while the unit cost per missile ranges from $100,000 to $150,000.
Operational Role and Effectiveness
Iron Dome forms the first layer of Israel’s multi-tiered air defense network. Its development accelerated after the 2006 Lebanon War, when Hezbollah fired roughly 4,000 rockets into Israeli territory. The system is particularly effective against threats from Gaza and southern Lebanon.
The system maintains a success rate above 90%, although simultaneous mass attacks can exceed its operational capacity, potentially reducing interception efficiency.
International Deployment and Interest
Israel has exported Iron Dome systems to the United States, with two batteries delivered in 2020 to enhance U.S. short-range missile defense capabilities.
System Overview
| Feature | Specification |
|---|---|
| Developer | Rafael Advanced Defense Systems & IAI |
| Range | 4–70 km |
| Target Types | Short-range rockets, mortars, artillery shells |
| Radar | EL/M-2084 multifunction radar |
| Components | Radar, BMC, launcher units |
| Battery Structure | 3–4 launchers, 20 missiles per launcher |
| Cost | Battery: $50 million, Missile: $100,000–$150,000 |
| Success Rate | 90%+ |
| Operators | Israel, United States |
Iron Dome remains a cornerstone of Israel’s air defense strategy, providing highly reliable protection against short-range aerial threats. Its advanced technology and mobility make it a key defensive asset, although operational limits and high costs are factors that influence overall system performance.
