The MIM-23B I-Hawk is a medium-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) system developed by the United States, first introduced in the 1960s and widely deployed during the Cold War. Designed to provide air defense against aircraft and later upgraded to counter tactical ballistic missiles, the I-Hawk has served as a backbone of U.S. and allied air defense networks for decades.
- Missile Type: The I-Hawk uses the MIM-23B missile, capable of engaging aerial targets at medium ranges with high precision.
- Engagement Range & Altitude: Effective range extends up to approximately 40–45 km, with target engagement altitudes between 60 meters and 18 km.
- Guidance System: The system employs semi-active radar homing (SARH), relying on ground-based radar illumination for accurate interception.
- Radar & Tracking: Includes acquisition radars for long-range target detection and tracking/illuminator radars to guide missiles during engagement.
- Launcher Configuration: Typically uses triple-missile launchers, which can be deployed in a mobile or semi-fixed setup, providing tactical flexibility.
Operational Role
The MIM-23B I-Hawk was primarily intended to protect key installations, military bases, and strategic assets from hostile aircraft. Over time, it has been modernized through variants like I-Hawk Improved Hawk to include better radar systems, enhanced mobility, and the ability to counter short-range ballistic missile threats.
- Users: Historically deployed by the United States, NATO allies, and other partner nations, the system has also seen service in the Middle East and Asia.
- Mobility: While initially semi-fixed, later variants allowed vehicle-mounted deployments, increasing responsiveness to emerging threats.
System Overview
| Feature | Specification |
|---|---|
| Missile Type | MIM-23B |
| Introduction | 1960s |
| Range | Up to 40–45 km |
| Engagement Altitude | 60 m – 18 km |
| Guidance | Semi-active radar homing (SARH) |
| Radar | Acquisition radar + Tracking/Illuminator radar |
| Launcher | Triple-missile launcher, mobile or semi-fixed |
| Primary Role | Medium-range air defense of strategic assets |
| Notable Users | U.S., NATO allies, various partner nations |
The MIM-23B I-Hawk represents one of the earliest effective medium-range SAM systems, combining mobility, reliable radar guidance, and sufficient range to defend against conventional air threats. Its long service history and numerous upgrades highlight its enduring value in modern air defense strategies.
